Swathi

 Topics Covered:  Q40–80 Part 2 Habitat, Niche & Species Interactions (habitat vs niche, dugong/fig-wasp specialized niches, predation, competition, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, amensalism/allelopathy) Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification & Ecological Pyramids Ecological Succession (primary/secondary, sere stages, hydrosere/xerosere etc.) Biomes (rainforest, savanna, desert, temperate grassland, taiga, tundra, lotic/lentic) Eutrophication & Water Quality (BOD/COD, dead zones, algal blooms) Previous Year Questions … Read more

Topics Covered: Wetlands & Ramsar Convention (12 questions) — definitions, natural sponges, ecosystem services, MAR conference, Ramsar sites, Montreux Record, Chilika Lake, World Wetlands Day Mangroves (10 questions) — pneumatophores, viviparity, salt-secreting glands, adventitious roots, carbon sequestration, MISTI scheme, Mangrove Alliance for Climate, Global Mangrove Alliance Coral Reefs & Bleaching (8 questions) — coral polyps, … Read more

Topics Covered: (Q112-Q132): Air Pollution (Indoor/Outdoor) Primary & Secondary Pollutants Ground Level Ozone Photochemical Smog Acid Rain Northern India Pollution Stubble Burning Electrostatic Precipitators Scrubbers Ozone Layer Ozone Holes CFCs & Chain Reactions Montreal Protocol Kegali Amendment Air Quality Index (AQI) GRAP Water Distribution Water Pollution Filter by Category / వర్గం ప్రకారం: Filter by Difficulty … Read more

Topics Included: (Q136-Q158) Groundwater Contamination (Fluoride, Arsenic, Uranium, Nitrate) Water Pollution & River Pollution (Polluted stretches, BOD levels, Priority classes) Water Act 1974 & 2024 Amendment National Mission for Clean Ganga Marine Pollution (Great Pacific Garbage Patch) Land vs Soil Pollution Waste Management (Landfills, Sanitary Landfills, Pyrolysis) Bioremediation (Bioventing, Bioaugmentation) EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) Conventions … Read more

Topics Included: (Q159-Q185) Deforestation (CO2/CH4 emissions, RED+, Tropical Forest Forever Facility) Ocean & Acidification (CO2 sinks, solubility, ocean acidification chemistry) Climate Tipping Points (Permafrost melting, self-sustaining feedback loops, AMOC) Carbon Sequestration (Green carbon, blue carbon, teal carbon, peatlands) Carbon Capture & Storage (CCUS – pre/post-combustion, direct air capture, oxifuel) Biodiversity Levels (Species, genetic, ecological, functional … Read more

Topics Covered: Q1–3: Presidential Election Timing (casual vacancy 6-month rule vs. term-expiry; contrast with VP’s less strict timeline) Q4–5: The Full-Term Rule (President/VP always get a fresh 5 years vs. a legislator filling only the remainder) Q6–9: Vice President’s Office & Dual Roles (Article 63, RS Chairman + acting President, President’s discretion) Q10–13: Electoral College … Read more

Topics Covered: Article 252 & international treaty law-making Joint sitting mechanics (who presides, majority required) Money bill vs. financial bill procedure Presidential/Governor assent to bills (including the Tamil Nadu case & presidential reference) Legislative Council vs. Assembly relationship (delaying power) Control over executive — Question Hour, Zero Hour, no-confidence/censure/adjournment/calling attention motions Speaker & Deputy Speaker … Read more

Topics covered: Polity — Article 371 & Ladakh: J&K division into 2 UTs; Ladakh’s statehood demand; Sixth Schedule (Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram); Autonomous District Councils vs Gram Panchayat; Article 371 provisions for 12 states; MHA draft proposal for Ladakh; PESA Act International Relations — Teesta River: Origin in Sikkim (Changtang glacier); Teesta’s 1787 course change … Read more

Topics covered: GI Tags: Himachal Pradesh — 8 new GI products (total 17); West Bengal — 23 new GI products (total 59); GI rankings by state Government Schemes: Modified UDAN Scheme launched (July 4, 2026, Jodhpur); ₹28,840 crore for 10 years; 100 airports, 200 helipads International Relations: PM Modi’s Indonesia-Australia-New Zealand tour (July 6-11); India-Japan … Read more